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Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MIRI) is an urgent problem in clinical treatment. As cardiomyocytes are terminal cells, MIRI-induced cardiomyocyte death will irreversibly damage the structure and function of the heart. In previous studies, apoptosis was considered to be the only way to regulate cell death, while necrosis could not be regulated. However, current studies have shown that cell necrosis could also be regulated, which was collectively called programmed cell death(PCD). Regulated cell death is actively mediated through molecular pathways, so there is the possibility of inhibiting this signaling to reduce MIRI. At present, PCD mainly includes apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis, pyroptosis and ferroptosis. As a unique treature in China, traditional Chinese medicine has the advantages of multiple pathways, multiple targets, low toxicity, less side effects and low economic costs. With the in-depth study of the efficacy of traditional Chinese medicine against MIRI, it has been confirmed that traditional Chinese medicine could regulate PCD to reduce MIRI. Therefore, this paper focuses on the relationship between PCD and MIRI, and new studies on intervention with relevant traditional Chinese medicine, with the aim to provide new MIRI prevention and treatment methods from the perspective of "intervention of PCD".
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Humans , Apoptosis , China , Medicine, Chinese Traditional , Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/genetics , Myocytes, CardiacABSTRACT
With the joint efforts of countries and global non-state actors, great achievements have been made in the global malaria control programme; however, malaria remains a serious threat to human health. As the global leader for combating malaria, WHO formulated The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030, and the Global Malaria Programme, under the leadership of WHO, is responsible for implementing 5 key projects to achieve the goal proposed in The Global Technical Strategy for Malaria 2016–2030. In addition, the Global Fund, the U.S. President’s Malaria Initiative and Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation also play an important role in global malaria elimination programme. This review describes the currently main non-state actors participating in the global malaria elimination programme, and calls for the enhanced inter-actor coordination and close collaboration with state governments to achieve the great goal of malaria elimination in the world.
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Objective:To explore the clinical effect of cranioplasty with titanium mesh outside temporal muscle on skull defect.Methods:The clinical data of 48 patients with skull defect admitted to the General Hospital of Dingyuan County from March 2013 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.All patients received cranioplasty with titanium mesh outside temporal muscle, and the clinical efficacy, prognosis and complications were analyzed.Results:Of the 48 cases, there were 44 cases of clinical primary healing, 2 cases of epileptic seizure, 1 case of epidural hematoma and 1 case of titanium mesh exposure.Conclusion:Skull defect repaired with titanium mesh outside temporal muscle, the skull is satisfied in shape and it has high clinical value.In order to reduce the postoperative complications and improve the surgical efficacy, fully prepared before operation, strict aseptic and standardized operation are must.
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Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury （MIRI） was originated from the ischemic injury to myocardial cells due to some factors， and the injury will be aggravated after the blood supply recovery. MIRI will cause reperfusion arrhythmia， myocardial stagnation， microcirculation disorders or blood loss reflow， and become a key issue to be solved in the clinical treatment. Therefore， it is of important clinical significance to explore how to improve MIRI. The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase （PI3K）/protein kinase B （Akt） signaling pathway has been regarded to be an important cascade signaling pathway to prevent MIRI， which is cross-talked in such mechanisms as oxidative stress， calcium overload， autophagy， inflammation， endoplasmic reticulum stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. This pathway is at the core site and closely related to the severity of MIRI. Meanwhile， traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） has its unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of MIRI， including multiple targets， multiple pathways， fewer toxic and side effect， as well as TCM characteristics of syndrome differentiation treatment and overall concept. A great number of studies have confirmed that this pathway is a common mechanism of action for most TCM compounds， TCM monomers and extracts. In this paper， we clarify the effect of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway crosstalk on the myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury， with the focus on the relationship between the key targets of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and MIRI. It will give great insights to the intricate relationship between them and promote the future development of new drugs targeting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Finally， we also summarized the existing findings of TCM on PI3K/Akt pathway， which provides a reference for the treatment and drug development of MIRI.
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The outbreak of COVID-19 has spread quickly across 114 countries/territories/areas in six continents worldwide and has been announced as a pandemic by WHO. This study analyzed global COVID-19 epidemiological trends, examined impact of the pandemic on global health security, diplomacy, and social environment in China, and provided short- and long-term strategic policy recommendations for China’s subsequent preparedness and responses.
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Influenza vaccination is considered the most effective measure to prevent the occurrence and pandemic of influenza.Beijing has implemented free influenza vaccination policy to the elderly above 60 years old and students in middle and primary schools since 2007.To provide a more effective intervention and let influenza vaccination achieve its role of immune protection among the population,the influenza vaccination rate and its influencing factors,barriers and driving factors of free influenza vaccination for recipients in Beijing have been studied successively.This article aims to summarize previous findings,review social factors influencing the vaccination and introduce the experience and lesson learnt from Beijing.
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Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of open reduction and trans-carpometacarpal joint internal fixation with mini locked-plate for treatment of comminuted fracture of base of the fifth metacarpal. Methods: Between July 2015 and December 2017, 8 cases of comminuted fractures of base of the fifth metacarpals were treated with open reduction and trans-carpometacarpal joint internal fixation with mini locked-plate. There were 7 males and 1 female with an age of 19-45 years (mean, 32.5 years). The causes of injury included 2 cases of hitting hard objects while clenching fist, 6 cases of falling injury. There were 2 cases of subluxation of fifth carpal joints and 1 case of dislocation. The time from injury to operation was 1-5 days (mean, 3.5 days). The stability of fracture ends could not be maintained by preoperative evaluation without over articular fixation or short time over articular fixation. Postoperative complications and fracture healing were observed, and hand function was evaluated at last follow-up according to the total active motion (TAM) recommended by the Branch of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medicine Association. Results: All the incisions healed by first intention without complications such as wound infection, cutaneous necrosis, tendon or nerve injury. All the patients were followed up 6-18 months (mean, 12 months). All fractures healed with the healing time of 12-16 weeks (mean, 13 weeks). Within 4 months after operation, all patients were able to return to pre-injury job. At last follow-up, according to the TAM recommended by the Branch of Hand Surgery of Chinese Medicine Association, the results were excellent in 7 cases, good in 1 case, with the excellent and good rate of 100%. Conclusion: Applying of mini locked-plate for treatment of comminuted fractures of base of the fifth metacarpal, of which cannot obtain stable fixation through non-transarticular or short-time transarticular fixation, can achieve satisfactory functional results with very few complications through trans-carpometacarpal joint approach, thus the procedure can be used as an alternative operation scheme.
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Objective To observe the effect of Tianmeng Oral Liquid combined with depressant on sexual function of male patient with depression. Methods Male depression outpatients (107 cases) with sexual dysfunction in the processs of treatment in the clinical psychology of the first affiliated hospital of Henan university of Chinese medicine from september 2015 to June 2016 were randomly divided into the control group (55 cases) and treatment group (52 cases). The patients in the control group were po administered with Escitalopram, 10-20 mg/d or Paroxetine, 20-40 mg/d. The patients in the treatment group were po administered with Tianmeng Oral Liquid of 40 mL/d on the basis of the control group. The patients in two groups were treated for four weeks. To evaluate sexual function, depressive symptoms, and sleeping quality by International index of erectile function (IIEF-6) and Conciseness function since the rating scale (BSDSRS-5), Hamilton's depression scale-17 (HAMD-17), and Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). Results HAMD scores were significantly decreased in both groups after treatment (P < 0.05). HAMD scores of the treatment reduced more obviously than the control group, the difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Sexual function of the treatment group improved more significantly than the control after treatment (P < 0.05). Sleeping quality of the treatment improved significantly compared with the control after treatment (P < 0.05). Conclusion Tianmeng Oral Liquid combined with depressant Escitalopram, 10-20 mg/d or Paroxetine can increase the sexual function of men with depression effectively and improve depressive symptoms obviously.
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Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa are the five BRIC countries which have showed a rapid growth in economic development in recent years especially in international health assistance area, which has gradually become a force that cannot be ignored. This article compares and analyzes the current status and character-istics of the BRIC countries in the field of international health assistance and compares them with the Countries of the Economic Cooperation and Development Organization's Development Assistance Committee ( ECDO-DAC) . It will also summarize the new features, advantages and disadvantages of the health development assistance exerted by the BRICS countries;and ultimately provide suggestions for the future international health development aid policy of China.
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Objective To understand the demands of African students on the China?Africa malaria prevention training pro?grams as well as explore further suggestions on the student selection and course content design. Methods A self?administered questionnaire survey was conducted,and all the students who attended in the malaria prevention training courses in 2014 and 2015 were included. The Chi?square test was conducted to analyse the correlations between professional backgrounds ,work stat?ues and training needs. Results A total of 161 individuals were sampled eventually. These participants were trained in either English(58.4%)or French(41.6%). Most of the participants were male(69.3%),the major of them were mainly clinical tech?nology specialty(40.0%),and most of them worked in malaria area within 10 years(56.4%). Moreover,48.2%of the partici?pants used more than 76%of total work time on malaria control,and more than 80%worked in national or provincial/municipal level. The working areas of these participants were focused on clinical field(41.4%)and official field(29.9%),and only a few of them were from research positions(11.9%). The most needed course content in malaria training was strategy and epidemiolo?gy knowledge for malaria prevention and control(65.5%),while clinical workers were most needed to be trained(39.2%). The participants who came from French speaking countries preferred strategy training(χ2=12.528,P<0.01),and those worked in the national level were aslo more likely to choose strategies training course(χ2=10.508,P<0.05). Conclusions Currently, the China?Africa malaria prevention training programs could basically satisfy African students’needs. However,more aimed courses should be designed according to their professional backgrounds,national situation,work experiences on malaria con?trol,and institutional levels.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the sensitivity and reproducibility of Allglo and TaqMan probe in the detection of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) using fluorescence quantitative RT-PCR (QPCR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The reference sample of SIV was diluted to 6 gradient concentrations; at each concentration 12 samples were tested to analyze the variations within batches, and each sample was tested for 12 times for analysis of variations between batches by QRT-PCR using TaqMan probe and Allglo probe. The results of QPCR using the two probes were analyzed with ABI7300 PCR system software.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In QPCR using TaqMan and Allglo probe, the lower limit of sensitivity for SIV detection was both 50 copies/mL. Assessment of the reproducibility of the tests showed that the maximum and minimum coefficients of variation between batches were 0.63% and 0.33% with Allglo probe, respectively, as compared with 1.33% and 0.2% with TaqMan probe. The maximum and minimum coefficients of inter-batch variation was 1.77% and 0.95% with Allglo probe, respectively, as compared with 1.86% and 1.03% with TaqMan probe.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Allglo probe shows a better performance then TaqMan probe in detection of SIV QPCR.</p>
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Objective:To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Clinical Reception Attitude Scale .Meth-ods:Based on the survey of 311 outpatients from 4 first-class hospitals , the test-retest reliability , internal con-sistency , construct validity , criterion validities and discriminant validity of the scale was tested .Results:The test-retest reliability was 0.901, the internal consistency was 0.973, 4 common factors accounted for 80.0%of the total variation, the items of which matched the construct of the scale , the criterion validities were 0.856 and 0 .810 , the discriminant validity was good .Conclusions: The results indicated the Clinical Reception Attitude Scale had good reliability and validity .The adjusted scale is an effective tool for the investigation of clinical recep-tion attitude of doctors in China .
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Objective:To study the status quo of National Essential Medicine System ( NEMS) in village clinics of a province in western China. Methods:Individual in-depth interview was carried out with village doctors and their managers of a province in western China, to understand the subsidies of zero-markup rate, compensations for general medical fees, and status quo of NEMS assessment mechanism and its impacts on prescribing behavior of village doc-tors. Results:In the surveyed area, the intervention of NEMS has not achieved the desired objectives: the prescri-bing behavior of village doctors has not changed significantly;general medical fee system has failed to achieve reason-able compensations;and the assessment mechanism done by village doctor managers has been a mere formality. Con-clusions and Suggestions:To ensure the feasibility, effectiveness and sustainability of the intervention, the area poli-cymakers should take into full consideration the special nature of village doctors.
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The final scale came into being through the process of compiling items with the use of document method and Delphi method, assessing the reliability and validity realized by application of multiple linear regression analysis, Crowns Bach coefficient, correlation coefficient methods and so forth.19 items and 4 dimensions contai-ning communication skills, care, respect and sense of responsibility comprise this clinical reception attitude scale. The scale is qualified to serve as an assessment tool for researching doctor′s attitude, having various merits inclu-ding high consistency among items and cogent dimension setting, whose total score can desirably represent clinical doctor′s attitude towards out-patients.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the differences in free influenza vaccination rate among different family structures of the elderly population in Beijing under the free vaccination policy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A cross sectional study was conducted by a multi-stage cluster sampling from July to August in 2013. A total of 1 717 individuals were selected to answer a self-designed questionnaire of demographic characteristics and basic information about receiving free influenza vaccination and 1 637 of which were valid. The chi-square test for dichotomous variables was calculated to examine the relationship between vaccine status and family characteristics. Predictor variables were selected as variables for non-conditional logistic regression model to determine potential independent predictors of vaccine uptake.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The free influenza vaccination rate in elderly population was 38.8% (634/1 637) in 2013. The rate in the old people who lived alone was the highest which was 47.5% (58/122). The rate in the old people who lived with children and spouse was 34.6% (175/506). There was a significant difference in coverage rate among different family structures (χ(2)=11.57, P=0.009). The rate in the old people who lived with spouse only, lived with children only and other types were 41.5% (322/778) , 34.7% (69/201), and 33.3% (10/30), respectively. In a multi-factor model, there was a significant difference in vaccination rate among different family structures after other confounding factors were controlled. The odds ratios (95% CI) of the people living with spouse only, people living with children only and people living with spouse and children were 0.90 (0.60-1.33) , 0.59 (0.37-0.96) , and 0.63 (0.42-0.96), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The vaccination rate in the old people living alone was low. The health education should be conducted not only in the elderly people but also in their family members.</p>
Subject(s)
Aged , Child , Humans , Beijing , Cross-Sectional Studies , Family Characteristics , Health Education , Influenza Vaccines , Logistic Models , Spouses , Surveys and Questionnaires , VaccinationABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the morphological changes in enteric nerve system (ENS) of rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) treated by Dachengqi Decoction (, DCQD).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the control group, MODS model group and DCQD treated group. The rats in MODS model group and DCQD treated group were injected Escherichia coli (E. coli) suspension into abdominal cavity under sterile condition. The DCQD treated group was gavaged with DCQD 2 days before the E. coli suspension was injected. Twenty-four hours after injection, the proximal segment of intestine was resected and studied by immunohistofluorescence using vesicular acetylcholine transporter, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), substance P (SP) and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) antibodies. The whole-mount preparations were observed by laser scanning confocal microscope to detect the changes of quantity and fluorescence integral optical density (IOD) value of intestine enteric nerves.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the quantity and IOD value of acetylcholine (ACh), VIP, SP and nitric oxide (NO) nerves of intestine in the MODS group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the network of enteric nerves was remarkably disrupted. Compared with the MODS group, the quantity and fluorescence IOD value of ACh, VIP, SP and NO nerves in the DCQD group were significantly increased (P<0.01), and the network of enteric nerves was remarkably recovered.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DCQD can protect and repair damage in the network of ACh, SP, NO and VIP nerves in rats with MODS, which may be one of mechanisms involved in promoting gastrointestinal motility by DCQD.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Enteric Nervous System , Pathology , Multiple Organ Failure , Pathology , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objective:To verify the association between social determinants and the quality of life ( QoL) among the elderly in Beijing .Methods:A questionnaire household survey was conducted and 1 685 over 60 dwellers in Beijing were interviewed .The EQ-5D scale was used to measure the elderly ’ s QoL and Time Trade-off model was used to calculate the EQ-5D index.Multiple linear regression and Logistic regression were employed to analyze the association between social determinants and the QoL .Results:There was no statistical significant difference in the QoL between the urban and the rural residents ( P>0 .05 ) .The elderly with higher education level and income or married tended to have higher overall QoL scoresand better performance of five dimensions of the QoL (P<0.05).Conclusion:More policies should be focused on the elderly with lower social determinants in both urban and rural areas in Beijing .
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the intervention of Dachengqi Granule (DG) on the apoptosis of small intestine smooth muscle cells (SMCs) in rats with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and its mechanisms.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Healthy 100 adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into the control group (n =20), the MODS model group (n =40), and the DG group (n =40).E. coli suspension was peritoneally injected to rats in the model group and the DG group to establish bacterial peritonitis induced MODS model. DG at 1 mL/100 g was administered by gastrogavage to rats of the DG group, twice daily for 3 successive days. Twenty-four hours after modeling, the proximal segment of intestine was taken and stained by using terminal-deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) and immunohistochemistry. Changes of apoptosis quantity of SMCs and the expression of Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax), B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (Bcl-2) and cytochrome c protein (Cyt c) in mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway were observed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the control group, the apoptosis quantity of SMCs and the expression of Bax and Cyt c protein significantly increased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly decreased in the MODS model group (P <0.01). Compared with the MODS model group, the apoptosis quantity of SMCs and the expression of Bax and Cyt c proteins significantly decreased, and the expression of Bcl-2 protein significantly increased in the DG group (allP <0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>DG could inhibit apoptosis of SMCs through suppressing activation of mitochondrial apoptotic signaling pathway in intestinal SMCs, thus promoting the recovery of the gastrointestinal motility function in rats with MODS.</p>
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Animals , Rats , Apoptosis , Drugs, Chinese Herbal , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , In Situ Nick-End Labeling , Intestine, Small , Multiple Organ Failure , Drug Therapy , Muscle, Smooth , Myocytes, Smooth Muscle , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Therapeutic Uses , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 , Rats, Wistar , bcl-2-Associated X Protein , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To investigate subtype of HPV infection among women at age of 25 to 54 years in Beijing. Methods From Sept. 2006 to Dec. 2008, 5552 reproductive women at age of 25 to 54 years classified into each 5-year as group were screened. Each participant completed a questionnaire and a sample of exfoliated cervical cells for liquid-based cytology and HPV subtype gene testing was performed.Results The overall prevalence of HPV was 6.68% (371/5552). High-risk HPV and Low-risk HPV prevalence were 5.76% (320/5552) and 2.00% (111/5552), respectively. The most common HPV types were HPV16 (2.61%, 145/5552), HPV58 (0. 97%, 54/5552), HPV33 (0.85%, 47/5552), HPV43 (0.74% ,41/5552) and HPV56(0.70% ,39/5552). There were two peaks of HPV prevalence: groups of 30 -34 years and 40 -44 years. Conclusion The most common HPV subtypes in Beijing were HPV 16,58, 33 and 43 and HPV prevalence showed a bi-medal age-specific curve.
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The practicable and effective methods for residual risk assessment on transfusion-transmitted disease was to establish the mathematic models. Based on the characteristics of the repeat donors which donated their blood on a regular base, a model of sero-conversion during the interval of donations was established to assess the incidence of the repeat donors. Based on the characteristics of the prevalence in the population, a model of ‘prevalence increased with the age of the donor' was established to assess the incidence of those first-time donors. And based on the impact of the windows period through blood screening program, a model of residual risk associated with the incidence and the length of the windows period was established to assess the residual risk of blood transfusion. In this paper, above said 3 kinds of mathematic models were jointly applied to assess the residual risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) which was transmitted through blood transfusion in Shanghai,based on data from the routine blood collection and screening program. All the anti-HCV unqualified blood donations were confirmed before assessment. Results showed that the residual risk of HCV transmitted through blood transfusion during Jan. 1st,2007 to Dec. 31st,2008 in Shanghai was 1∶101 000. Data showed that the results of residual risk assessment with mathematic models was valuable. The residual risk of transfusion-transmitted HCV in Shanghai was at a safe level, according to the results in this paper.